Key Findings: The review discusses that the Mediterranean diet (MD), which is based on high consumption of cereals (preferably as whole grains), legumes, nuts, vegetables, fruits, olive oil, and fish, could play a protective role on the gut microbiota, as well as inflammation and the immune system. A higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3-fatty-acids contribute to a better metabolic control. There seems to be a relationship between gut microbiota and Type 1 diabetes and a Mediterranean diet on microbiota can be explored as a potential therapeutic strategy, aimed at preventing or delaying progression of type 1 diabetes.
