The source of the fat significantly affects the results of high-fat diet intervention

Year Published: 2022

Sci Rep

Jiaxing An # 1, Qian Wang # 2, Suqin Yi 1, Xuemei Liu 1, Hai Jin 1, Jingyu Xu 1, Guorong Wen 1, Jiaxing Zhu 1, Biguang Tuo

High-fat diet (HFD) is widely used in animal models of many diseases, it helps to understand the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. Several dietary fats were commonly used in HFD, such as corn oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and lard. However, it was reported that different dietary fat could have completely different effects on physiological indicators and the gut microbiome, and the sources of dietary fat used in high-fat diet research have not been comprehensively compared. In this research, we conduct comparative experiments on various sources of dietary fats to test their different effects during the high-fat diet intervention. We investigated the effects of twelve common dietary fats in high-fat diet intervention of mice, body/liver weight changes, four blood lipid indices, and gut microbiome were analyzed.

Key Findings: After 8 weeks of dietary fat intervention, the body weight of all HFD diet groups were higher than the control group (30.80 ± 0.93 g), (Fig. 1A), and the corn oil has the highest body weight (38.70 ± 4.06 g), and changes of sesame oil (33.72 ± 1.48 g) was the smallest. The one-way ANOVA results showed that most HFD groups significantly higher body weight (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in peanut oil (34.48 ± 2.26 g) or sesame oil (33.72 ± 1.48 g) (p > 0.05) intervention groups compared with the control group (30.80 ± 0.93). It implied that peanut oil and sesame oil may not contribute much to weight increase. In contrast, corn oil had the most significant effects on body weight gain. Moreover, the lard (36.38 ± 5.38) had no more weight gain than other oils, and olive oil had a higher effect on weight gain, with a mean body weight of 37.33 ± 5.56 g.